Sustainable aviation fuel is assessed across its supply chain, not only at the aircraft exhaust.
Follow the full pathway
A lifecycle assessment considers the steps that produce, move and use a fuel. Different feedstocks and production processes have different emissions. Aircraft still release carbon dioxide when burning a carbon-based fuel; the comparison concerns the whole pathway.
Use a defined method
ICAO publishes lifecycle values and methods for eligible fuels under CORSIA. Direct production emissions and, where relevant, induced land-use effects enter the calculation. A claim needs a specified pathway, boundary and comparison fuel.
Read claims precisely
A lower lifecycle figure is not the same as zero exhaust emissions or universal sustainability. Supply, certification and accounting rules matter. Ask which fuel, production route, percentage blend and emissions method support a published reduction.
The boundary behind a percentage
A claimed lifecycle reduction compares emissions across feedstock, production, transport and use with a defined conventional-fuel baseline. Different pathways can produce different results, and a physical blend still releases carbon dioxide during combustion. Ask which batch or accounting method supports the claim, what certification applies and whether another party has already claimed the same environmental benefit.
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